3 Types of Not Only . . . But Also Errors

3 Types of Not Only . . . Yet in addition Errors 3 Types of â€Å"Not Only . . . Be that as it may, Also† Errors 3 Types of â€Å"Not Only . . . Be that as it may, Also† Errors By Mark Nichol Disarray about the best possible course of action of words in sentences in which the correlative conjunctions â€Å"not only† and â€Å"but also† show up is showed in different types of wrong grammar. The accompanying sentences, joined by conversation and amended renditions, exhibit three classifications of mixed up sentence development. 1. â€Å"Digital cameras are evolving photography, however our lives.† The arrangement of â€Å"not only† here suggests that the sentence will allude both to changing and to some other activity that will happen on account of the presence of advanced cameras. (For instance, â€Å"Digital cameras are changing photography as well as modifying our culture’s standards about privacy.†) But on the grounds that changing is the usable action word for the two pieces of the examination, it ought to go before â€Å"not only† and ought to be shadowed by additionally after the combination: â€Å"Digital cameras are changing photography as well as our lives.† 2. â€Å"His difficult work in math class has not just helped him take advantage of his capacities yet additionally to step by step improve them.† The expression â€Å"not only† is lost in this sentence it ought to follow the action word state â€Å"has helped,† as opposed to be embedded between the two words which is likewise convoluted by a superfluous utilization of to before the expression â€Å"gradually improve them.† That situation would be proper just on the off chance that it coordinated a to embedded before â€Å"make the a large portion of his abilities.† But to following a type of help and a thing or pronoun is pointless: â€Å"His difficult work in math class has helped him capitalize on his capacities as well as slowly improve them.† 3. â€Å"I think about her both for instance of somebody who accomplishes her work with care and pride yet in addition as somebody who treats others respectfully.† This sentence blends two stating structures for making examinations: â€Å"both . . . and† and â€Å"not just . . . be that as it may, also.† For the sentence to bode well, utilize either: â€Å"I think about her both for instance of somebody who accomplishes her work with care and pride and as somebody who treats others respectfully† or â€Å"I think about her not just for instance of somebody who accomplishes her work with care and pride yet additionally as somebody who treats others respectfully.† Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Grammar classification, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:How to Punctuate References to Dates and TimesPeople versus Persons50 Plain-Language Substitutions for Wordy Phrases

International Insecurity and the Use of Force Research Paper

Global Insecurity and the Use of Force - Research Paper Example The arrangement of the United Nations is the most prominent as it was framed not long after the finish of Second World War with the principle goal of advancing universal harmony and security. Moghaddam (2010) takes note of that while all entertainers recognize the quintessence of universal security and the significance of maintaining a strategic distance from global instability, they have not concurred completely on the best way to accomplish this honorable undertaking. There is an area of worldwide on-screen characters that contend that power ought not be utilized at all in the quest for global security, or tending to universal frailty so far as that is concerned. Then again, there are the individuals who contend that utilization of power is fundamental in tending to global security. This paper centers around universal frailty and the utilization of power trying to see how these two perspectives are conceptualized. Impact Decisions and activities in the global field don't happen in a vacuum; rather, they are affected by transnational on-screen characters, popular conclusions, the media, and the intrigue gatherings. This is confirm by how these entertainers have impacted the utilization of power (or absence of its utilization) in tending to universal weakness, for instance on account of the United States’ attack of Iraq and Afghanistan (Chakravorty and Neti, 2009). Occasions, for example, the Hezbollah’s assaults focusing on the Israeli Embassy in Argentina, the September 11, 2001 assaults focusing on representative areas in the United States, and the arrangement of emergencies as of late in Syria and Libya bear all the highlights of universal uncertainty. What is of more enthusiasm for this paper is how they ought to be reacted to: should compel be utilized or choices to utilization of power are utilized? Transnational entertainers have enormously affected the utilization of power in tending to global weakness. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is the most prominent transnational on-screen character which has impacted the utilization of power in handling the global instability (Yost, 2007). It was a piece of the United States intrusion of Iraq and Afghanistan, and most as of late assumed a key job in expelling the Libyan head Muammar Gaddafi. Be that as it may, other transnational on-screen characters such the UN Security Council have debilitated the utilization of power and have been pushing for the utilization of strategy (Yost, 2007). The greater part of the intrigue bunches have additionally been against the utilization of power in tending to the universal frailty; for instance, the American Conservative Union and Human Rights Watch have been against the utilization of power and contend that such utilization of power regularly lead to death of blameless individuals particularly ladies and youngsters. There has been separated popular feelings seeing the utilization of power as a methods for tending to universal u ncertainty; there are the individuals who are absolutely against it while others (particularly the casualties of global frailty) think about utilization of power as the best methodology to handle worldwide weakness (Ersen and O?zen, 2010). Much the same as is the situation with the general feeling, media is isolated on whether power ought to be utilized as a methods for taking care of the issue of universal security. Expected Utility Theory It is no uncertainty that the topic of whether power ought to be utilized in tending to global frailty is a â€Å"hot† one with feelings separated in the middle with those against it on one side and those for it on the other. Expected utility hypothesis can be exceptionally basic in making a difference

In What Ways Did Dengs Leadership Bring Change to China in the Late 1970s and 1980s Essay Example for Free

In What Ways Did Dengs Leadership Bring Change to China in the Late 1970s and 1980s Essay After Mao’s passing in 1976, Deng relinquished the Maoist monetary model and chose to free China up to free market financial changes and Western style private enterprise all deliberately constrained by the state still. He additionally presented the One Child approach. The residential social, political, and most remarkably, monetary frameworks would experience huge changes during Dengs time as pioneer. The objectives of Dengs changes were summed up by the Four Modernizations, those of horticulture, industry, science and innovation and the military. The procedure for accomplishing these points of turning into an advanced, modern country was the communist market economy. For farming, it improved. Deng first found a way to fix the harm done to cultivate creation during the Great Leap Forward. Instead of the cooperatives he built up the agreement duty framework. Under this game plan, the legislature leased land to singular homestead families, who at that point chose for themselves what to deliver. The families contracted with the administration basically to give a specific measure of yields at a set cost. When the agreement was satisfied, the families were allowed to sell any additional harvests at business sectors at whatever costs they could get. This opportunity to get more cash-flow by developing more yields enormously expanded China’s ranch creation. Since the presentation of the agreement duty framework, Chinese ranchers created around 8 percent more every year than they did in the earlier year. What's more, numerous ranchers have profited significantly from the new arrangement. Under the agreement obligation framework, families despite ev erything didn't claim the land. The drawn out leases granted by the legislature, be that as it may, assisted with building up a â€Å"owner† demeanor among the ranchers. Subsequently, numerous families have made enhancements to the land. Concerning the economy, Deng pulled in outside organizations to a progression of Special Economic Zones, where remote venture and market advancement were supported. Which implied that China required Western innovation and venture, and that it could make the way for remote organizations who needed to set up in China. The changes focused on improving work profitability also. New material motivating forces and extra frameworks were presented. Country markets selling laborers homegrown items and the excess results of cooperatives were restored. Not exclusively did rustic markets increment horticultural yield, they invigorated mechanical improvement also. With laborers ready to sell surplus farming yields on the open market, local utilization invigorated industrialization too and furthermore made political help for increasingly troublesome monetary changes. Another change for China was it’s industry, the four modernizations influenced the business emphatically. It gave power in the country territories, mechanical robotization, another monetary standpoint, and extraordinarily improved guard quality. His program for industry had two objectives. To begin with, he needed individuals to spend more cash on shopper products. In this manner, he changed the concentration from substantial industry to light industry, the creation of little purchaser merchandise, for example, apparel, machines, and bikes. He likewise needed manufacturing plants to step up creation. So he gave more dynamic capacity to singular production line supervisors. Also, he began an arrangement of remunerations for administrators and laborers who discovered approaches to make manufacturing plants produce more. All things considered, these progressions brought great outcomes, and improved China and is the China that is here today. Deng’s administration truly modernized China.

Post Colonial Lit & A Small Place Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Post Colonial Lit and A Small Place - Essay Example With no capacity to dispatch a counter assault on any fronts, Antiguans just capitulated to the weight. The normal procedure of social improvement of Antigua went to a dead stop. The country lost the balance. The intensity of colonization is extreme to such an extent that it has the ability to thoroughly demolish any culture that it experiences in transit and it prompts financial, social, and social or more all the subjection of the brains of the individuals. That is valid for Antigua. The British had made a ruddy image of standard of life before the flammable more youthful age of Antigua. The nearby masses had been encountering for many years the effect of British culture, custom and power and the procedure of moderate disruption proceeded. The white collar class was pulled in by the guarantees and riches creating capacity of the industrialist state like Britain. With respect to ethics, the British were no match when contrasted with the standard of Antiguans. The nearness of the Bri tish in various portions in the life of Antiguans is being experienced, in any event, when they have left the nation for good. Circuitous colonization in the fragments of culture and economy is going on unabated and unchecked, shockingly however. Kincaid treats the appearance of the visitor the post-provincial period in Antigua in an intriguing and interesting style. She verbalizes that the traveler doesn't show up with an expectation to abuse. In any case, he expects to be treated in a special way. Is it predominance complex? It is so; despite the fact that the visitor may not say it transparently. He has gone to a nation to spend his expendable riches and to appreciate. How do local people respond to the appearance of the vacationers in their nation? Kincaid clarifies their demeanor with heaps of mockery: â€Å"An revolting thing, that is the thing that you are the point at which you become a traveler, a terrible void thing, an inept thing, a bit of garbage stopping to a great ex tent to look at this and taste that, and it will never happen to you that the individuals who occupy the spot wherein you have quite recently delayed can't stand you, that behind their shut entryways they snicker at your strangeness.†(17)The have nation, needs the zones of modern turn of events and other riches creating framework, needs such vacationers, as they carry cash and work to local people. In this way, the travel industry doesn't have a national objective or goal in Antigua. It creates like an assistance industry to oblige the ethnocentric requests on this nation and adding to the further progression of social expansionism. Pioneers are administering from outside, without the obligation of the administration of the region of Antigua. This is a little yet scaring book, which sets the sociologists, financial specialists and the legislators thinking. She gives the under-spoke to rendition of what occurred in Antigua, which is additionally valid for the greater part of th e colonized nations. She assaults the Europeans violently for all the shrewd they piled upon the individuals of Antigua, and she has own point of view of judging the past and picturing the present and what's to come. She tones town her assault and makes the practical evaluation about the situation of the individuals of Antigua in this way: â€Å"Of course, the entire thing is, when you stop to be an ace, when you lose your lord's burden, you are not, at this point human garbage, you are only a person, and all the things that signifies. Along these lines, too with the

Home Schooling Essay -- essays papers

Self-teaching The discussion over self-teaching has been an interesting issue for some in the course of recent years. Self-teaching can be characterized as, â€Å"to encourage school subjects to one’s youngsters at home† (Merriam-Webster Online, 2003). Be that as it may, the primary discussion isn't about whether or not youngsters ought to be instructed at home; rather, the inquiry discussed is if self-taught kids are as readied socially as those kids who are generally educated. Despite the fact that rivals of self-teaching guarantee that youngsters who are taught at home don't build up their social aptitudes at a similar rate as their friends who go to customary schools, look into discoveries demonstrate that understudies who are self-taught grow socially at a similar rate as the individuals who are customarily educated. Self-teaching began in when there were few schools. In any event, when increasingly open and network schools opened up, customary gatherings like the Seventh Day Adventists and Mormons, decided to class their small kids at home. The Amish society kept their more established youngsters out of the government funded schools and decided to teach them through life in the network. The development for self-teaching has gotten progressively common in cutting edge training. Numerous guardians pick to instruct at home, regardless of whether it be for strict purposes or on the grounds that they are seeking after the way of thinking of youngster drove learning. Whatever the explanation behind self-teaching, it has become an overwhelming type of training in the public eye today (Lines, 1995). Society causes numerous generalizations upon the individuals who â€Å"go against the norm.† Children who are self-taught are viewed as bashful, uninvolved, thoughtful individuals who don't manage everything well in the public arena. It is accepted that guardians of self-taught youngsters are ensuring their chil... ...ooled peers. Reference index Aiex, N. (1994). Self-teaching and Socialization of Children. ERIC Digest. Recovered April 23, 2003, from http://www.ericfacility.net/ericdigests/ed372460.html Jaycox, R. (2001). Provincial Home Schooling and Place-Based Education. ERIC Digest. Recovered April 24, 2003, from http://www.ericfacility.net/ericdigests/ed459971.html Lines, P. (1995). Self-teaching. ERIC Digest, Number 95. Recovered April 23, 2003, from http://www.ericfacility.net/ericdigests/ed381849.html Merriam-Webster Online. (2003). Self-teach. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. Recovered April 24, 2003, from http://www.m-w.com/cgi-receptacle/dictionary?va=homeschooled National Home Education Research Institute. (2002). Home Education Research Fact Sheet. National Home Education Research Institute. Recovered April 24, 2003, from http://www.nheri.org/content.php?menu=1002&page_id=24

Classes Fall 06

Classes Fall 06 Here are the classes Im taking this term: 14.05: Macroeconomics Description: Uses the tools of macroeconomics to study various macroeconomic policy problems in depth. The problems range from economic growth in the long run to government finances in the intermediate run and economic stability in the short run. Many economic models used today are surveyed. Requires a 20-page paper on the economics of long-run economic growth. Professor: Peter Temin format: two 1.5 hour lectures a week, one 1 hour recitation fun fact: The entire first chapter of our textbook is devoted to the Solow Growth Model, named for MIT Professor Robert Solow (recipient of the Nobel Prize and National Medal of Science) good thing I have: An alarm clock, since this class starts at 9:00 AM 15.501: Financial Accounting Description: Preparation and analysis of financial statements. Focuses on measuring and reporting of corporate performance for investment decisions, stock valuation, bankers?Æ'? loan risk assessment, and evaluations of employee performance, for example. Emphasizes the necessarily interdisciplinary understanding of business. Concepts from finance and economics (e.g., cash flow discounting, risk, valuation, and criteria for choosing among alternative investments) place accounting in the context of the business enterprise. Professor: Ryan LaFond format: two 1.5 hour lectures a week good thing I have: A copy of Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room on DVD 21F.303: French III Description: Review and expansion of French grammar and vocabulary. Continued development of speaking, reading, and writing skills through a web-based exchange with French students. French and MIT students share a common Website to compare a variety of materials and exchange viewpoints, with the goal of better understanding each others cultures. Professor: Gilberte Furstenberg format: four 1 hour lectures a week fun fact: Madame Furstenberg was my very awesome freshman advisor good thing I have: French magnetic poetry with which to practice my vocab SP.721: Development Lab Description: Issues in international development, appropriate technology and project implementation addressed through lectures, case studies, guest speakers and laboratory exercises. Students form project teams to partner with community organizations in developing countries, and formulate plans for an IAP site visit. (Previous field sites include Haiti, Brazil, Honduras and India.) Recitation sections focus on specific project implementation, and include cultural, social, political, environmental and economic overviews of the target countries as well as an introduction to the local languages. Professors: Amy Smith and Bish Sanyal format: two 1.5 hour lectures a week, one 1.5 hour recitation fun fact: Amy Smith, recipient of a MacArthur genius grant and the Lemelson-MIT Student Prize, co-founded the MIT IDEAS Competition good thing I have: A credit card that earns airline miles, since I get to travel to another country during IAP for this class In addition, I am advising the freshmen seminar 14.A03: Economics of Mutual Funds Description: In this seminar we will explore the economics of mutual funds and the evolution of the mutual fund industry and its regulation. How do you read the mutual fund section of a financial newspaper and where can you turn for detailed information on a fund? How does a mutual fund manager decide what to invest in? What factors determine the inflows of money to different mutual funds? What role do mutual fund trustees play in fund governance? How does mutual fund regulation affect investors? We will explore these and other issues through readings, data analysis, seminar debates, and meeting with participants in the mutual fund industry who work in the Boston area. Professor: Nancy Rose format: one 2 hour session a week

Money Economy Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Persistence problems in the U.S. deal with the sluggish employment growth, the slowdown of household consumption, and the limitations in furthering the fiscal policy. Also, a combination of excessive liquidity, low interest rates, high leverage, poor risk management, excessive risk-taking had possibly let too many assets, emerging market debt prices. Even though the US is the richest country it does (like any other country) have issues that hurt our economic performance. Monetary policy plays a key role for the development of our economys rate of inflation which is the Central Banks responsibility. The Fed has 3 primary functions which are to regulate the banking industry, act as Bankers Bank, and most important conducts monetary policy which the FOMC controls money supply. If the central bank fails to do so inflation can cause a plethora of problems. In todays economy, targeting the levels of real variables and trying to pursue detection of where the unemployment rate will settle may take away from lowering inflation. GDP and the unemployment rate fluctuate throughout each year that it could raise or fall immediately and inflation could creep up even when demand is settle. William Poole shares his example; he states, â€Å"Weve seen substantial wage increases in the airline industry; if airlines are to be profitable over time they will have to recover those costs through some combination of productivity gains and price increases, even though travel demand is not currently strong.† The higher wages in the airlines industry are directly related to inflation rising. Wages and salaries usually keep up with inflation. For instance, 2% inflation means wages will increase by 2%. In 2001, the Fed Fund rates increase 11 times to a rate of 1.75%. The following year the economy recovered but the faltering in the US recovery in the fall of 2002 and the risk of a double dip recession led the fed to reduce the Fed Funds to as low as 1%. A jobless re covery had then emerged during and continued after the war with Iraq. Inflation started to increase with growth of output and the jobs that had picked up. Will the Fed Funds rate and will that cut prevent a hard landing? Another U.S. economy vulnerability is people are saving-less and debt is a stand out. The high levels of household indebtedness (mortgages, consumer credit, etc.) with debt service costs now rising because of a credit crunch. There are a number of negative shocks such as: falling home prices, and falling home equity withdraw. Housing recession and its first fall in home process has been since the 1930s. The housing recession to worsening rather than bottoming out. The US and global recessions are associated with oil prices rising. After the Iraq war oil prices remained the same in 2004-05 because of high demand from the US and China. The issues in 2004-05 with oil prices and energy led to concerns about stagflation (low growth plus inflation). Each barrel of o il was about $70.00 and either stayed the same or increased for several months. The reason why the oil shock didnt lead to an economic slowdown was the high demand rather than stagflation supply shocks. Will the recent high oil prices carry over to a global slowdown in 07-08? Many times today we look at the American economy and we do an internal SWOT analysis, one of the things I have learned is the U.S. economy is not the only successful economy. There are many other nations that have thriving economies that are showing tremendous growth. Africa is one the up and coming economies these days after many years of stagnation Africa has showed potential for growth since 2001 there has been around 4.9% growth annually in domestic profit. You may ask yourself about uncertainty despite the optimism you may feel about investing in the African economy you have to notice that it is experiencing the highest growth since the 1970s.The basic economic question has to be brought to the forefron t consumers are getting more involved with the everyday structure of business and when and why they do well. We have to answer the question of why there is a large economic difference between south and North Korea, East and West Germany, Mainland China and Hong Kong, these are situations that we have to explain and without the theories and studies the would be no clarity. These countries have to allow the government to interfere and even things out with the intentions of growth for the whole nation and not just tourist destinations, and prime factory areas. This class has taught me that equilibrium is basically left up to the consumer and the person offering the service they have to come to an agreement on the amount of service rendered and an accepted medium of exchange that is best for both parties. Entrepreneurship is a staple of American business it allows business owners to be open to innovation and not be afraid to have some uniqueness to the products or services offered. Asia is one of the most thriving economies but what we fail to see that since 1998 the have been in a severe recession, they also have instituted an IMF bailout plan was brought forward to help the situation. The thing is that the IMF plan has done more bad than good because of the employment conditions have gone down causing the economy participation rate to go down also. North Korea has many opportunities for growth they have an abundance of coal, and other minerals and metals. North Korea has been a very good example for other nations alike. Korea has done many things to equip themselves for the future the companies they develop are made to last, and continue success for many years to come. The U.S. has set the tone copying the central bank. What the Fed can do, at least to some extent, is prevent problems in specific sectors from becoming general problems. That is exactly how to view monetary policy this year. Tech investment is down, but housing investment and consumpti on have been maintained pretty well. Declining interest rates have certainly assisted in supporting aggregate demand. This is the whole story behind the U.S. economy and it has been very successful in doing this, but there are so many other things that have influenced the success experienced by the U.S. economy. China is another one of the strong economies of today China uses a strategy that calls for stability as the main objective, and today the communist party is putting economic stability in the forefront which also allows for great results when a company thinks of the long run instead of quarterly they have a tendency to perform better. Now we have to continue to remember that no matter what your plan is the goal has to be that supply will have to meet demand. I was looking at monetary policy for the U.S. and I read that investors fear turmoil in the credit sector, this means that all the financial institutions will all take a cut because of the failure of the borrowers t o repay loans given by the credit agencies. In whole one of the things I have learned is that many nations are just like a business they need accountants and economist to come in and monitor operations as far as spending, loans, and balancing all accounts .Its the failure of the nation in a whole that have caused this its nothing we can say specifically was caused by any one group of people it is a hard fought battle for the Fed and the government to get this deficit balanced. In conclusion, along with all the advantages of having one the best economies comes with disadvantages as well. The recent high oil prices for the US will lead to a global slowdown and were still trillions of dollars in debt with the number still growing. The actions the US economy takes effects not only America but other countries as well such as: foreign market, real variables, nominal variables, fiscal policy, and household consumption. Everyone knows that the U.S. is the strongest economy but as of late ly other countries economies are rising. For instance countries like Africa, China, and Germanys domestic profit growth continues to rise with time. More countries are coming to see that capitalism might just be the road to riches, and a route that the U.S. has been traveling for a number of decades.

Confessions of an Economic Hitman - 2350 Words

Confessions of an Economic Hit man John Perkins The reasons as to why I selected this book was heavily weighted on my personal interests. The fact that I am interested in matters of economics, imperialism, capitalism and deception and corruption on a government level, made reviewing Confessions of an economic hit man an enjoyable experience. â€Å"For them, this is a war about the survival of their children and cultures, while for us it is about power, money and natural resources. It is one part of the struggle for world domination and the dream of a few greedy men, global empire.† (prologue) If confessions of an economic Hit man had to be summarised in a sentence, the quotation above should give you the reader briefly; a general†¦show more content†¦Mafia bosses often start out as street thugs. But over time, the ones who make it to the top transform their appearance. They take to wearing impeccably tailored suits and owning legitimate businesses.† â€Å"They are quick to lend money to those in desperate straits† They appear to be model citizens. However beneath this patina is a trail of blood† (page 139) Using the mafia analogy it is clear to diagnose what is wrong with the strategic decisions that have been made in the past and are still being made now in regards to, how governments and EHMs leave behind trails of blood just as Mafia bosses can in order to carry out their business. But the â€Å"model citizens† who are in disguise such as EHMs are seen in a completely different light in that to crime lords. Many strategies have been devised by empires over centuries, these strategies and decisions have helped shape the world as it is in its present state. The author explains how strategic decisions made in the past were the wrong decisions in his opinion, as John Perkins had seen first hand the devastation that could be caused by the American government in its pursuit for a â€Å"global empire†. An example of this is how in the 1960’s, a key strategy was being implemented by the world governments. This was the switch from neoclassical economics to Keynesian economics. In America thisShow MoreRelated Confessions of an Economic: Hitman1425 Words   |  6 PagesEconomic Hitman I decided to talk about Economic Hitman because since I opened the web site, I got attracted by this quote â€Å"Dedicated to transforming the world into a sustainable, just and peaceful home where all beings can thrive†, by John Perkins who is an American author and one of the famous economist person in the world because he claims to have played a role in an supposed process of economic establishment of Third World countries on behalf of what he shows as a section of the United StatesRead MoreConfessions Of An Economic Hitman Essay2564 Words   |  11 PagesConfessions of an Economic Hitman Identifying Corporate Social Responsibility Issues Corporate Responsibility Dr. Farzad Rafi Khan April 16th, 2015 Team 1 Andrew Wirawan Ali Karamustafaoglu Ashtyn Packer Christ-Arnaud Lacombe Marion Mayer Ulrik Karlsen Contents Introduction 2 Reflection on John Perkins’ Sincerity 3 What Do the Voices From Below Show? 5 How Can Institutions Transform and End Malicious Practices? 6 How to Increase Awareness in Society? 8 Conclusive Thoughts about theRead MoreThe New Confessions Of An Economic Hitman By John Perkins1978 Words   |  8 PagesIn the book â€Å"The New Confessions of An Economic Hitman† by author John Perkins, he discusses in detail his experience as an economic hitman, and the role he played in underdeveloped and developing countries. 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This is because the elitists want to only haveRead MoreEssay on Grassroots Boycott: The Fight for Human Rights 726 Words   |  3 Pagesresult of unbridled capitalism.† Author John Perkins, also known as the ‘economic hitman’ describes his role as a highly paid professional who helped the U.S. cheat poor countries around the world out of trillions of dollars by providing them more money in which they could not pay back and later, taking over their economies in exchange of natural resources such as oil. In the epilogue of his book â€Å"Confessions of an Economic Hitman† he expresses his thoughts on taking ownership and changing the systemRead MoreThe Impact Of Globalization And Globalization1582 Words   |  7 Pagesreservation-like areas and are left to adapt or perish by themselves. As modern society requires more a nd more raw material for industry and innovation, the land and culture of the native people is being destroyed. John Perkins explains in Confessions of an Economic Hitman that indigenous land is being ravaged in the search for raw material and the mass growing of crops. American corporations are allowed to run rampant in foreign land by using billions of dollars of debt owed to America by foreign countriesRead MoreAn Unequal Distribution Of Wealth And Power Across The Nation2049 Words   |  9 Pagesregarding our economic lives. Our understanding of what’s going on with the wealth distribution and the actuality of what’s going on is two completely different things. So you may ask, what’s the reason behind this inequality? The answer is corporations and big businesses. Corporations such as Bank of America, Nike, Google, Apple, and Microsoft are rising to power. Corporations have also completely diminished the original intent of our Founding Fathers. According to Collin and Yeskel’s â€Å"Economic ApartheidRead MoreUnited Nations and World4943 Words   |  20 Pa gesNEO-COLONIALISM Neocolonialism describes how, after World War II, colonial powers started using economics i.e. lending and interest rates, to control former colonies and cultivate new areas, thereby creating political, economic and social dependencies. Neocolonialism describes certain economic operations at the international level which have alleged similarities to the traditional colonialism of the 16th to the 20th centuries. The contention is that governments have aimed to control other nations

Nike Corporation Essay - 732 Words

Identify a global organization with a multinational presence. Identify and research a cultural issue that affects this organizations interactions outside the United States. Define the issue and provide an overview of how it became an issue in the organization. Prepare an analysis of the ethical and social responsibility issues your organization must deal with as a result of being global. Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper summarizing the results of the analysis. Include the following: Identify ethical perspectives in the global organization. Compare these perspectives across cultures involved in the organization. Describe a viable solution for this issue that could be acceptable by all stakeholders.†¦show more content†¦An investigation was conducted where Nike was found to have a large number of cases that involved forced labor or child labor law violations in some of the large apparel factories of Nike. In a particular factory in Malaysia, it was found that Nike was operating production in terrible working conditions for the employees in addition to the forced labor. It was found that Nike had underage children working in sweatshops up to seventy hours a week in unhealthy conditions making their products. Pakistan has a population of approximately 1 million people and it is also an important location or â€Å"hub† per say for the production of goods that are to be... Cross Cultural Perspectives A money-spinning product fed by an incongruous campaign Just Do It, Nike a global company who increased its share from $ 877 million worldwide to $ 9.2 billion within 10 years (Nike’s â€Å"Just Do It† Advertising Campaign, 2011). A brilliant profit boosting marketing campaign, in which many evoked possibilities, audacity whereas others evoked indifference for human rights standards, and the ecological system. This paper will provide an analysis of Nike’s social responsibilities, and ethical issues on global production. Concerns as child labor laws, wages violations, lack of health and safety on workplace, and ecological insolence (A Cultural Study of Nike, 2011). Additionally, this document will assess the ethical perspectives acrossShow MoreRelatedEssay on Analysis of Nike Corporation1746 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of Nike Corporation Financial Analysis Description of Company History Nike Corporation has become one of the most competitive sports and fitness companies worldwide. Two runners, Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight, from a small town in Oregon embarked upon the business with a handshake agreement. The enterprise began in January of 1964 with the introduction of Blue Ribbon Sports. In 1966 the handshake between Bowerman and Knight was made official with a formal written partnershipRead MoreCase Study : Ford Corporation, And Nike Corporation Essay859 Words   |  4 Pagesthat I selected for this project were Microsoft Corporation, Ford Corporation, and Nike Corporation. Their company symbol which is exhibited by the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASD) and New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) for Microsoft is MSFT, for Ford is (F) and Nike is NKE. Financial Results of Investment The companies that I selected for this project were Microsoft Corporation, Ford Corporation, and Nike Corporation. Their company symbol which is exhibited by theRead MoreNike Corporation Had A Reported Revenue Of $20,900,000,0001391 Words   |  6 PagesNike corporation had a reported revenue of $20,900,000,000 with profits of $2,100,000,000 (Keady, 2011). To obtain this cash flow, worldwide Nike is noted for employing 1,000,000 workers in 1,000 factories in fifty-two countries (Keady, 2011). Adding to this idea of worker exploitation, it is reported in Nike’s corporate responsibility report in 2005 that 25% to 50% of Nike’s overseas factories that workers experienced physical, verbal, sexual, and psychological abuse (Keady, 2011). In 50% to 100%Read MoreCross Cultural Perspective – Nike Corporation Essay1121 Words   |  5 PagesCross Cultural Perspective – Nike Corporation In this essay, I will attempt to present an analysis of the ethics and social responsibility issues that an organization can face when it is a global organization. One of the most recognized organizations globally would without a doubt have to be the Nike Corporation. Several years ago the Nike Corporation came under fire for using child labor in Pakistan and Cambodia to make their soccer balls. Because Nike came under fire for this unethical and inhumaneRead MoreAdidas Referee Kits For International Association Teams1035 Words   |  5 Pages  Adidas is a German worldwide corporation that designs and produce sports shoes, clothing and accessories headquartered in Herzogenaurach, Bavaria. It is the largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe and the second biggest in the world. Football kits and the associated equipment for football has always been Adidas main focus   . Adidas remains a major company in the supply of team kits for international association football teams and clubs . Adidas makes referee kits. Adidas referee kits   are usedRead MoreNike And Challenges Of Nike Inc. Essay1349 Words   |  6 PagesExecutive Summary Nike was founded in 1972 by Philip Knight and Bill Bowerman. The focus of this report would be an analysis of how Nike’s manages and delivers its service to its customers. It also looks into Nike’s emphasis on its product quality and innovative design to meet the ever changing consumer preferences. By looking at its current strategies that Nike adopt and its appropriateness, this report will provide you a better understanding on how consumer see Nike and challenges that Nike Inc. facesRead MoreNike : The World s Leading Supplier Of Athletic Shoes1625 Words   |  7 PagesNike is the world’s leading supplier of athletic shoes and merchandise. Within the United States alone Nike has exceeded $3.7 billion in total sales, and they make up more than 47% of the U.S. athletic sneaker market. Nike has been supplying the world with the top athletic sneakers and apparel since 1978. Originally founded as Blue Ribbon Sports by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight in 1962, the brand didn’t see increases in success until they rebranded in the late 1970’s. In 2015 Nike announced thatRead MoreBusiness Analysis : Dick s Sporting Goods737 Words   |  3 Pagesan authentic full-line sporting goods retailer offering a broad assortment of brand name sporting goods equipment, apparel and footwear. C. Prospect’s Job Title: Purchasing manger D. Key Facts: DICK’S Sporting Goods’ is a Fortune 500 American corporation in the sporting goods and retail industries headquartered in Findlay Township. Dick’s has 610 stores in 47 states as of March 16, 2015 primarily in the eastern half of the United States. Founded in 1948 by Richard â€Å"Dick† Stack, the chain has expandedRead MoreNike Pestle Analysis1088 Words   |  5 Pages Nike is a US-based company that sells sports apparel for men, women, and children and is a major competitor in the industry, In this paper, we’ll be discussing Nike’s standings by using a PESTLE analysis, which looks at the political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors that affect an organization (A Pestle analysis, 2017). The first trend is political find this company in a similar arena as most corporations since the topic effect the management of the company andRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Nike s Marketing Strategy1543 Words   |  7 Pagesapplying diversification strategy and being successful in diversification is Nike, Inc. This paper discusses Nike’s diversification strategies and how the company succeeds in using it. Along with corporate level strategy, this paper also touches upon the international strategy that Nike uses. Key Tie-Ins †¢ Diversification strategy †¢ International strategy Nike Diversification Strategy Upon first glance it is not very obvious that Nike employs diversification in their overall corporate strategy. The company

Persuasive Essay On Ted Talk - 1191 Words

On October,19,2017 I watched a Ted Talk Called â€Å" Dangers of a single story† by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. She spoke about her life in Nigeria before she studied abroad in The United States of America and the dangers of knowing 1 side of the story this is also known as ‘Bias’. After watching Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Ted talk, I believe not everyone in Africa lives in poverty, stereotypes in Children s books cause unrealistic ideas of reality and the media fabricates news to generate views and labels specific groups of people. Every day each and every one of us hears international news whether we hear it, we read or we watch it. When I was younger there was a Unicef commercial claiming they be children in poverty and they needed funding†¦show more content†¦When I was younger my mom use to read me a children s book every night at bedtime. I remember when I was in Junior Kindergarten she once read me a Disney classic book called â€Å"The Jungle Book† and after reading the book for months I had thought if the main character Mowgli could talk to animals so could I, that was until I went to the Toronto Zoo. I tried to talk to the Giraffe and the Giraffe wouldn t talk back to me. I was baffled. That was the first time 3-year-old Monika could distinguish nonfiction to fiction. I never looked at a book the same. Children believe everything you tell them. Writers may be running out of material, But the content needs to be the reality. I also understand the writer s point of view of running out of ideas, But children need to read real books. As I got older I realized certain races were being portrayed in certain ways that aren t respectable to the group of people. I have read books were Asian/Brown kids were smart, caucasian people be rich, and a person with dark skin was bad or not doing well in school, I m not saying every book is like that, but unfortunately some are. Children shouldn t grow up thinking one race is better than the other. Kids need to know the truth, so they understand people are different But there are the same as you. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie said â€Å"Just cause 1 person does it, doesn t mean all will do it†,Show MoreRelatedRhetorical Language : The Power Of Words1534 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause words can have its own power. By using persuasive and rhetorical tactics, words can lead an army to victory. In addition, persuasive and rhetorical language has the power to make someone realize their opponent’s views regarding a certain topic because that’s what persuasive and rhetorical language does. What persuasive and rhetorical language does is to convince people to see their point of view. Many people have tried to define what persuasive and rhetorical language is. Early philosophersRead MoreDoes Technology Affect Us As Human Beings?930 Words   |  4 Pagesthing. Turkle has a sample of an essay of hers in the book, They Say, I Say. The name of the essay is â€Å"No Need to Call,† and Sherry Turkle s claims could be implied by this quote from her essay, â€Å"subscr ibing to a new etiquette, claiming the need for efficiency in a realm where efficiency is costly.† Turkle believes that us using digital communication has costly repercussions to our humanity and our ability to have empathy to one another. However, this quote and essay has much more depth to it. WhenRead MoreWhy Domestic Violence Victims Don t Leave By Leslie Morgan Steiner Essay870 Words   |  4 PagesLeslie Morgan Steiner, TED talk â€Å"Why Domestic Violence Victims Don’t leave† Leslie Morgan Steiner, TED talk â€Å"Why Domestic Violence Victims Don’t leave†, analyze how the violence victims interact with their situation. In her talk, Steiner discusses, why victims don t leave their abusers, if they know that they are victims of violence and why did not break the silence. Also, Steiner says that the domestic violence can happen to everyone all races, all religion, all income and education levels. HoweverRead MoreDevry Engl 147 All Discussion Questions – Graded1196 Words   |  5 PagesWhy is this necessary? Use examples from the Information Literacy module you reviewed this week. This section lists options that can be used to view responses. WEEK 3 Presenting Ideas (graded) Persuasive presenters have several traits in common. Browse through TED talks http://www.ted.com/talks or American Rhetoric Website at http://www.americanrhetoric.com/ to find notable speakers who demonstrate strong communication traits. Compare and contrast the ways these speakers meaningfully communicateRead MoreAnalysis Of Chimamanda Adichie s The Danger Of A Single Story1109 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Chimamanda Adichie is a novelist and a narrator who delivered a persuasive speech on what she calls; The Danger of a Single Story but in reality what it means is the danger of stereotyping. Dictionary.com defines Stereotype as â€Å"A generalization usually exaggerated or oversimplified and often offensive, that is used to describe or distinguish a group.† Adichie delivered her presentation on a very well-known website called Ted.com, with one objective in mind, to prevail upon everyoneRead MoreMass Electronic Surveillance is an Invasion of Privacy Essay2474 Words   |  10 Pagesof the citizens of other countries should be respected. This essay seeks to remedy these problems by analyzing the literature and development in this field. The main issues addressed in this paper are the ways in which state uses its power to do surveillance and how they justify to common people their behaviour. It further analyses the reaction of the general public and the effects of such mass surveillance on common people. The essay has been organized in the following way. This paper first givesRead MoreAnalysis Of Pojman s Defense Of The Death Penalty Essay1825 Words   |  8 Pagescriminals like, Ted Bundy( who is reported to have raped and murdered over 100 women) and the two men who gunned down the grocer have committed capital offenses and deserve nothing less than capital punishment. On the bottom of page 183 Pojman says, â€Å"No doubt malicious acts like the ones committed by these criminals deserve worse punishment than death and I would be open to suggestions of torture (why not?), but at a minimum, the death penalty seems warranted.† Pojman even talks about torture inRead MoreMetamorphoses Within Frankenstein14861 Words   |  60 Pagessuch established Pro methean masterpieces as Shelley’s Prom eth eus Unbound and Byron’s Manfred’, to quote Sandra Gilber t and Susan Gubar, and Mary Shelley her self only acknowledged because of the ‘literary /familial relationships’ sh e repr esen ted.5 G ilb ert and Gubar may well hav e had in mind H arold Bloom’s influen tial visionary h ierar chy: what mak es Frankenstein an importan t book, though it is only a strong, flawed novel with frequen t clumsiness in its narr ative and characterizationRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 PagesGRIFFIN NEW YORK 65 SUCCESSFUL HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL APPLICATION ESSAYS, SECOND EDITION. Copyright  © 2009 byThe Harbus News Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. For-information, address St. Martins Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010. www.stmartins.com Library of Congress Cataloging...in..Publication Data 65 successful Harvard Business -School application essays : with analysis by the staff of The Harbus, the Harvard Business School newspaperRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesI say the defense attorney has shown that Mayfield could have been framed. Sure, theres some evidence against Mayfield, but not enough. Dr. White: Mayfield is as guilty as sin. He wont even look the judge or the prosecutor in the eye when they talk to him. Very suspicious. You left that out of the story, Jones. Mayfields an alcoholic, too. Think of the number of crimes committed by alcoholics. They need that next drink, right? Also, even though he now admits being in the All-Night Grocery

Audit Proposal - 1094 Words

Audit Proposal By: Catherine Chase Instructor: Khatrina Higgs, CPA ACC/542 Audit Proposal Abstract Understanding the audit process and how auditors operate is vital since it informs IT managers how to develop an environment that is compliant. More importantly, this brief will discuss the role of the auditor and its responsibilities as well as expand on the role and responsibilities of management during and after the audit. This brief will also focus on the methodologies of how auditors conduct the IT audit process and the specifics that are involved in performing an audit as well as the responsibilities of management. Financial Audit vs. IT Audit The primary objective of a financial statement audit is to ensure that†¦show more content†¦Additionally, AICPA issued SAS No. 90, which requires Auditors conduct open and frank discussions with management and the audit committee relating to the quality and the acceptability of the organization s accounting principles as it pertains to its financial statements. These discussion should generally also include matters relating to the consistency and application of the accounting policies as well as the clarity and completeness of the financial statements (Reinstein Houston, n.d.). The new rules by the SEC s require audit committees to include a report in the company s proxy statement that informs shareholders of the committee s financial oversight responsibilities. Auditing Around The Computer The auditing around the computer approach is pragmatic when computer applications are simplex. Moreover, SAS No. 94 doesn’t eliminate the use of this technique, rather, this approach may be well suited for firms using a variety of accounting software that process applications periodically, or where the audit trail generated is extensive and allows outputs to be referenced back to inputs. However, one of the primary weaknesses of auditing around the computer is that it is unable to determine whether the program logic is correct, nor does this approach reveal how the automated controls respond to a wide variety of transactions that contain errors. Therefore, in a complex IT environment, this approach may potentially overlook significant errors rendering itShow MoreRelatedaudit proposal1127 Words   |  5 Pages Audit Proposal Brenda Pina, Rachel Foster, Maria Kight, Christine Twiford, and Clorissa Willie ACC/542 July 14, 2014 Professor Thomas Cappels Audit Proposal There are many different types of audits including internal, external, and information technology. Companies should be familiar with the types of audits that may possibly be used on an Accounting Information System (AIS). Knowing the different types of audits and where they are used will help a company be ready for an audit and makeRead MoreEssay on Audit Proposal1327 Words   |  6 Pageswould now like to see a proposed audit schedule for these systems. The team will distinguish between the types of audits that may use for each process. The team will also recommend the most appropriate audit for each process and explain how to conduct the audits. Identifying events that may prevent reliance on auditing through the computer will also be presented to Kudler for review (Apollo Group, 2009). Types of Audits The types of information technology audits are attestation, findings andRead MoreEssay on Audit Proposal - 1à §1611 Words   |  7 PagesAudit Proposal—Kudler Fine Foods Previously Kudler Fine Foods had asked accounting firm 123 Accounting for their recommendation on a system which would improve automation in their business processes. Accounting firm 123 Accounting provided Kudler with a recommended course of action to take towards automating their accounting information system, as well as provided a flowchart to assist in describing the process by which the software will help management consolidate their financial data. CurrentlyRead MoreAcct 542 Audit Proposal Essay1239 Words   |  5 PagesAudit Proposal Audit Proposal Kudler Fine Foods has many different types of audit to consider that could be used for each functional areas of AP, AR, inventory management and payroll. This brief has the purpose to distinguish among the types of audits that could be used for each process; to recommend the audit most appropriate for each process; to explain how the audits will be conducted; and to identify events that could prevent reliance on auditing through the computer. Types of Audit Read MoreProposal on Energy Audit1640 Words   |  7 PagesProposal Energy Audit: An energy audit is an inspection, survey and analysis of energy, flows for energy conservation in a building, process or system to reduce the amount of energy input into the system without negatively affecting the output(s). Energy audit identifies opportunities for financial savings by elimination of wasteful use of electricity, coal and fuel oil, without affecting the process or quality of product. Need for Energy Audit: It has been established that EnergyRead MoreTalent Management and Development Audit and Strategy Proposal1551 Words   |  7 PagesTalent Management and Development Audit and Strategy Proposal James McClain Jr. Walden University Bank of America is a bank and financial holding company. It is a financial institution that serves individuals small and large business, large corporations and the government. The bank offers banking, investing, asset management, risk management, and other financial services. Through its subsidiaries and other nonbanking subsidiaries in the United States and international markets it providesRead MoreCase Study : Eagle s Nest Motel Essay1255 Words   |  6 Pagescompany to expand further. Areas of investments are Time Shares Companies, 24hrs Cafe, and Car Rentals. Background: The goal of the proposal is to provide and merge the available resources to invest and increase its market position locally or internationally. The investment plan if approved will offer greater expansion of the company over 5 years. This proposal will be presented to the Executive Directors for endorsement. Objective: The strategy of the investment plan involves: 1. To advance theRead MoreCase Study : Eagle s Nest Motel Essay1264 Words   |  6 Pagescompany to expand further. Areas of investments are Time Shares Companies, 24hrs Cafe, and Car Rentals. Background: The goal of the proposal is to provide and merge the available resources to invest and increase its market position locally or internationally. The investment plan, if approved will offer a greater expansion of the company over 5 years. This proposal will be presented to the Executive Directors for endorsement. Objective: 1. The strategy of the investment plan involves: 1. To advanceRead MoreRfp Inventory Control Essay5651 Words   |  23 PagesRequest for Proposal An Inventory Control System Just Seeds Unlimited Co. 4105 Stuart Andrew Blvd Unit #3 Charlotte, NC 28217 704.222.2222 Distribution List (TBD) Linnea L. Williams lwilliams.lwilliams@gmail.com PM598 – May 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INSTRUCTIONS TO BIDDERS 5 1.1. General Description of Work 5 1.2. What Must Be Included with Bid 5 1.3. Schedule of Bid Period Activities 6 1.4. Location of Work 6 1.5. Pre-Bid Meeting 7 1.6. 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Berkshire Hathaway Free Essays

Introduction Warren E. Buffett, the chairperson of Berkshire Hathaway (BH), is the world’s greatest investor of the current era. From 1965 to 2007, BH has compounded annual gain of 20. We will write a custom essay sample on Berkshire Hathaway or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3% while SP has 9. 3% (Berkshire Hathaway Inc. , 2009). Most investors get normal returns and believe the market is in semi strong form. However Buffett believes the market is inefficient and acts on his own investment philosophy. This report will analysis BH’s acquisition of PacifiCorp, evaluate Buffett’s performance against EMH and discuss his ethical standards. Berkshire Hathaway Ltd. VS Scottish Power Plc. After the acquisition was announced, BH Ltd. nd Scottish Power Plc. both experienced price ran up. Reilly and Brown (2009) state that, the acquired firm’s stock price usually increases; resulting from the premium offered by the acquiring firm, whereas stock price in the acquiring firm usually decreases as the concern of overpaid. However, the deal between BH and Scottish Power was a different case. BH and PacifiCorp share price increased by 2. 4% and 6. 28% on the announcement day, it indicated that most investors and markets recognized the bid of PacifiCo rp was fair and believed that acquiring PacifiCorp was a good investment that could benefit BH. Malatesta and Thompson (1985, p. 249) stated that an acquisition program is desirable and profitable for active acquirers and successive acquisition attempts associated with positive announcement effects. Therefore, as an active acquirer, BH could benefit from the successful acquisition of PacifiCorp and have positive share price performance. In addition, the share price performance of PacifiCorp proved the existence of its intrinsic value and Buffett made a right decision in recognizing the fact. Jennings and Mazzeo (1991, p. 40) suggested that the acquisition process is usually associated with significant unexpected stock returns and bidder would only make an offer to the target when the value of target is less than the market price. Therefore, Buffett’s calculation of PacifiCorp’s value must have supported this notion. Although the share price performance might be an affect of Warren Buffett’s fame, it was sufficient enough to reflect the exactly value created by the deal between BH Ltd. and Scottish Power Plc. Valuation for PacifiCorp Bruner, Eades and Schill(2010, p. ) stated that MidAmerican Energy Holdings, Buffett’s utility company, acquired PacifiCorp from its parent, Scottish Power Plc, for $5. 1 billion in cash and $4. 3 billion in liabilities and preferred stock. The bid for PacifiCorp can be proved as â€Å"fair† through three methods, including discounted cash flow, intrinsic value, comparable and precedent acquisition. Present Value of Operating Free Cash Flows DCF method can be viewed as the conceptual basis for most relative valuation criteria (Titman and Martin 2007, p. 215) However, the growth rate was unknown in this case. In order to use the model, the growth rate was assumed to equal to the growth rate of 2004 to 2005 which was 0. 0145. In five years investment horizon, NPV of $5. 1 billion’s bid is negative if the growth rate equal to 0. 0145 (Appendix I; table 1 and table 2). If the growth rate is equal or larger than 0. 594, the $5. 1 billion bid would have positive NPV. Therefore, it can be concluded that in five years, the bid for PacifiCorp is â€Å"fair† if the net income of PacifiCorp can increase by 59. 4% or more Intrinsic Value Bruner, Eades and Schill (2010, p. ) indicated that Buffett believes intrinsic value is effective in evaluating the relative attractiveness of investment. (Appendix II, table 3)The $5. 1 billion bid for PacifiCorp could be defined as â€Å"fair† since every dollar to acquire PacifiCorp becomes $1. 22 in the 10 year investment horizon. Comparable Boeh and Beamish (2007, p. 102) stated that it is common to revalue a firm based on the trading multi ples of a group of similar firms. By looking at the direct competitors who have comparable sizes and growth stages, a more appropriate valuation can be obtained. The implied values of PacifiCorp are $9. 23 billion and $9. 076 billion w. r. t. the median and mean multiple of EBITDA (Appendix II, table 4). Titman and Martin (2007, p. 228) indicated that the most popular approach used to estimate a firm’s enterprise value involves the use of a multiple of EBITDA. Therefore, compared to the $9. 4 billion bid for PacifiCorp, it can be concluded that the bid is â€Å"fair†. Precedent Acquisition Boeh and Beamish (2007, p. 102) suggested that precedent acquisition is used to value a firm based on other similar acquisitions that have recently occurred. It directs firm to use the most appropriate valuation. Assessing the $9. 4 billion bid for PacifiCorp can be defined as â€Å"fair†. Bruner, Eades and Schill(2010, p. 13) mentioned that the timing of BH’s bid closely followed Duke Energy’s bid to acquire Cinergy for $9 billion. Compare their characteristics (Appendix II, table 5) PacifiCorp and Cinergy deal in the same industry and have similar amount of customers, capital structure and EBITDA. Therefore, it can conclude that they are comparable and the deal between Duke Energy and Cinergy can be used as a reference to value PacifiCorp. Buffett VS Semi-Strong Form Efficient Semi-strong form efficiency states that security prices adjust rapidly to the release of all public information; that is, current security prices fully reflect all public information (Reilly Brown, 2009, p. 153). According to BH Inc. , (2009), BH’s has compounded annual gain of 20. 3% while SP has 9. 3% since 1965 to 2009. This clearly shows that Buffett obtains abnormal return. Regarding semi-strong form, Buffett states that the only way to result in superior returns is by using private information or relying on pure luck (Buffett); supporting Buffett’s idea the market is not in semi-strong form. Assuming that market is in semi-strong form, the rationale toward Buffett‘s superior performance is that Buffett has accurate market analysis. Market is not efficient to determine undervalued or overvalued assets and capitalize on the inefficiency (Sappideen, 2009). Buffett is one example of superior performance on undervalued stocks. Buffett Investment Philosophy VS Conventional Finance Theory Risk Diversification Risk is directly related to the difference between price and value. With a smaller dollar difference, the investment is more risky. Buffett employs a margin of safety of 25% (Finkle, 2010) before investing. Based on his measure of risk, Buffett expects high returns when risk is low – not high average returns when risk is high. Buffett discounts (seemingly risk-less) cash flows at the risk free rate (similar to the certainty equivalent approach) not the risk-adjusted discount rate. As a result, Buffett rejects benefits of portfolio diversification (top down approach to investing). The use of diversification as a means to minimize risk is an extensively promoted concept in the financial industry (Polbennikov, Desclee, Hyman, 2010; Jorion, 1985); opposite that of which Buffett recommends. Conventional financial theory dictates that investors are willing to take on higher risk with the prospect of gaining higher returns (Dilmore Wilson, 1992). Whereas Buffett, expects high returns when risk is low. Leverage Buffett mentioned not to use leverage in investments (Lewis, 1992), but usually firms choose to be highly leveraged due to tax advantages (Opler and Titman, 1994). In cases of mergers, an increase in financial leverage benefits shareholders through tax deductibility of interest payments on corporate debt. It might also enhance shareholders’ wealth through an expropriation of wealth from bondholders (Ghosh and Jain, 2000). Merging firms increase their financial leverage around mergers and this can signal better acquisitions, which increases the market value (Maloney, McCormick Mitchell, 1993). Berkshire Hathaway Goldman Sachs During financial crisis in 2008, BH invested $5 billion in Goldman Sachs Group. During the time, Goldman Sachs was blamed by U. S Securities and Exchange Commission’s for placing its client at stake (McGee Frye, 2010). Buffett was sued for civil fraud by regulators and assaulted by Congress for business dealing; without concern for the crisis situation (Patterson, 2010). As a result of investing in Goldman Sachs, Buffett was benefitted and obtained a large return from it. Even though in general, Berkshire’s movements have been ethically sound, Buffett should be aware of unethical behaviours issues that can impact company reputation. Berkshire Hathaway Petro China In April 2003, BH bought 11% of Petro China (Oster Cui, 2007); one of the largest oil companies in the world. BH shareholders fear the issue of genocide between China and Sudan. Consequently, BH sold its stake in 2007 at the cost of losing potential returns (Kostigen, 2007); most prominently because BH became concerned with Petro China’s connection with the Sudanese civil war. Thus action taken by Warren Buffet has influenced large numbers of colleges, universities and states to take action in divesting companies that help fund the genocide in Darfur (Investors against Genocide, 2007). Ethics and Social Responsibility Even though Buffett has been criticized for using political power for personal gain, Buffett and BH do show evidence of having strong ethical behaviour. Buffett as an active philanthropist has donated 5,000 Class B shares of BH stock, worth approximately $16 million, to an unnamed charitable foundation (Associated Press, 2006). As well in 2006, BH was nominated by Fortune to be one of the twenty most admired companies in America and eighth most admired in the world based on their ethics and social responsibility. (Vogl, F. 2006). This pledge shows that Buffett’s concern for the society and can reflect that the company is one that maintains the importance of social responsibility. Based on this rationale, it is worthwhile to invest in BH Conclusion In conclusion, comparable company estimates suggest the price bid for PacifiCorp was pretty fair and within the valuation range. Buffett believes that markets are inefficient; opportunities to profit arise from searching undervalued or overvalued assets. Buffett’s tenure consists of not using leverage in investment and merging firms to enlarge market value to outperform the market. Besides Buffett’s investment records, he’s considered ethically and socially responsible. All in all, it is sensible to invest in Berkshire Hathaway. 15  December 1810) was a writer and critic of 18th-century British children’s literature. Her periodical, The Guardian of Education, helped to define the emerging genre by seriously reviewing children’s literature for the first time; it also provided the first history of children’s literature, establishing a canon of the early landmarks of the genre that scholars still use today. Trimmer’s most popular children’s book, Fabulous Histories, inspired numerous children’s animal stories and remained in print for over a century. Trimmer was also an active philanthropist. She founded several Sunday schools and charity schools in her parish. To further these educational projects, she wrote textbooks and manuals for women interested in starting their own schools. Trimmer’s efforts inspired other women, such as Hannah More, to establish Sunday school programs and to write for children and the poor. Trimmer’s works are dedicated to maintaining many aspects of the social and political status quo. As a high church Anglican, she was intent on promoting the Established Church of England and on teaching young children and the poor the doctrines of Christianity. Her writings outlined the benefits of social hierarchy, arguing that each class should remain in its God-given position. Yet, while supporting many of the traditional political and social ideologies of her time, Trimmer questioned others, such as those surrounding gender and the family. How to cite Berkshire Hathaway, Papers

Finance Principle-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: You decide to begin Saving for your retirement. Assume that you determine that you will need $ 300,000 when you retire in 30 years. If you can invest at 8% Compounded Quarterly and will begin Saving in 3 months (one quarter), how much will you need to deposit each quarter to have the required retirement fund? Answer: You decide to begin saving for your retirement. Assume that you determine that you will need $ 300,000 when you retire in 30 years. If you can invest at 8% compounded quarterly and will begin saving in 3 months (one quarter), how much will you need to deposit each quarter to have the required retirement fund? Particulars Value Future value $300,000 Rate 8% = 8%/4 = 2.0% Time 30 = 30*4 = 120 -1 = 119 FV C * (((1+r)t 1) / r) C FV / (((1+r)t 1) / r) C $300,000 / (((1+2%)119 1) / 2%) C $300,000 / 477.70 C $628 The present value of deposits, which needs to be conducted by for the retirement purposes, is $628. Thus, for gathering $300,000 value after the retirement in 30 years $628 will mainly be deposited each quarter for the retirement fund. The time is calculated at 119 quarters, one quarter is deducted for the time taken for conducting savings.

Information System to Manage Stock of Sainsbury-Free-Samples

Question: Develop an Information System to Manage Stock of Sainsbury. Answer: Introduction An information system is becoming a backbone of the organisations as it provides a various set of solutions to the company. An information system is providing a better set of solution to the organisations with the effect of which they can manage their payment system. An information system is one of the aspects without which it would become hard for the banks to process payments, the government would not be able to collect taxes, hospitals would not be able to provide proper treatment to the patients, and it would have become really tough for the supermarkets to maintain the stock in shelves. It is being evaluated that in almost every sector information system is required like it is required in the financial sector, education sector, government sector, healthcare sector, manufacturing sector and almost all type of small and large business. It plays a prominent role for all the businesses and helps them in managing their stocks, orders as well as their payment systems. Hence, a report is developed in which information related to the information system project will be provided which will help the organisation in sustaining and will help in ensuring that it will be able to attain success in the market after applying the project to the workplace. Importance Of Team Negotiation In Project Selection Sainsbury is the organisation which is planning to develop a Management Information System so as to keep the track record of the stock available with it (Coronel Morris, 2016). The company is working towards to develop the project which is effective and will help the same in managing the work and complete the same in a more frequent and effective manner. The selected project will track details of each and every single unit; the track record will be kept with the help of the bar code in which system will manage the counts on the basis of the bar codes swapped. The reason behind developing the project was to ensure that company could remain up to date and should ensure to manage its stock whenever required (Khan, et. al., 2016). Doing so will help the company in providing continuous services to the customers available in the market. The risk of the scarcity of the products and services will be reduced. It was noticed by the management of Sainsbury that person hired by it for the purpose of keeping the track record of the stocks available with the company was not working effectively for the same (Kucherov, Zamulin, 2016). Hence, it has decided to work on the project of management information system so as to ensure that it could maintain a true record and manage the supply of products and services. So as to work on the project, an IT team was hired by Sainsbury to work on the project. In this negotiation was done by the IT team to ensure that the project could be managed in a proper way and all the work could be processed within the deadlines (Chuang, Howley, 2012). There are certain aspects which were taken into consideration in the negotiation, these aspects are: Project should get completed in 2 Months which is equal to 60 days Budget of the project is $50000 Project should be formulated by using the most effective way and path so that it could be completed within the time decided by the company (JIE, 2017) The contract will be formed on fixed basis. Any fluctuations will not be considered in near future. 4 systems will be availed by the company so as to ensure that the project could be processed in an effective way. It is required that a checklist should be prepared at the end of the project to ensure that the each and every requirement of the project should get fulfilled. It is also necessary that the division of work should be done equally so that project team could work effectively on the same (Ajilchi, Kargar, 2015). Project Life Cycle And Its Requirements Managing a project is a very crucial aspect and when it comes to the information system project it becomes more important that all the requirements of the projects should be taken into consideration before processing the same. For a management information system project, one of the most important aspects is time and availability of a proper set of resources (Carvalho, et. al., 2015). It is required that a proper infrastructure should be provided to the team so that they can manage the work effectively. Availability of all set of resources is another aspect which is required to be taken into consideration. Laptops and the internet are the main sources which are required for the project. Selection of appropriate project methodology is another aspect which is required to be focused upon by the project manager (Cengage Lea Schwalbe, 2015). (Coronel Morris, 2016) To ensure that the project could get completed on time it is required that a work breakdown structure should be developed. This will help in maintaining priorities and will help in completing the project on time (Furnham, Gunter, 2015). Focusing upon project life cycle will help in providing a step by step process for the project. It will help in managing the things in the way required so as to complete the project within the deadlines. Project Lifecycle Project lifecycle is a step by step process which helps in developing a framework for the project. It is necessary that a project manager should work on the lifecycle and should prefer to manage the project accordingly (Khan, et. al., 2016). Further discussion will help in developing a better understanding of project life cycle: Initiating Phase: It is necessary that the project should be initiated in which assurance should be made that the purpose of the development of project should remain clear (Kucherov, Zamulin, 2016). The relevant set of information should be gathered in relation to the project which is to be worked upon. In the project of Sainsbury, all the requirements were taken into consideration on the basis of which the project will be initiated. Planning Phase: Planning phase includes, information related to the project and helps in determining all the aspects which will be included in the project. It is important that all the aspects of the project should be planned in the advanced form after which the further decisions for the process of the same should be made (Sikwane, 2016). (Wasson, 2015) Execution Phase: After planning and developing a blueprint for the project it is required that the same should be executed. Execution of all the plans should be done in a proper way. This will help in completing the project in a required form and will help in delivering quality to the same (Pigott, Hobbs, 2011). Project Closure: This is the last step which should be taken into consideration after completion of the project. In the project closure phase, it is required that the project manager should focus on several factors like monitoring, controlling, closure and review of the project. These aspects will help in managing the project in a proper as well as effective way. These are several phases of project life cycle which are required to be focused upon by the project so as to ensure that the project could get completed in an effective and appropriate way (Chuang, Howley, 2012). Work Breakdown Structure Work Breakdown structure of the project helps in determining the priorities of the work in a project management aspect (JIE, 2017). For a project manager, one of the most important aspects is bifurcating project activities, according to the priorities and providing the date of initiation and the date of completion of that particular task. Such type of aspects helps in providing an assurance that the project will get completed within the required dates. Work breakdown structure also helps in ensuring that the project could get completed within the budget developed (Ajilchi, Kargar, 2015). S. No. Activities of Project Initiation Date Completion Date 0 Information System Project for Sainsbury 7-01-2017 7-01-2017 1 Information Gathering 7-01-2017 7-10-2017 2 Adoption of all the Important Aspects 7-10-2017 5-20-2017 2.1 Project Goal Setting 7-10-2017 7-14-2017 2.2 Analysis of Project Requirement 7-14-2017 7-16-2017 2.3 Organizational Process Research 7-16-2017 7-18-2017 2.4 Process Flow Indication 7-18-2017 7-20-2017 3 Developing Project Plan 7-20-2017 7-30-2017 3.1 Preparation of Timeframe 7-20-2017 7-22-2017 3.2 Identification of Deliveries 7-22-2017 7-24-2017 3.3 Developing Modules 7-24-2017 7-27-2017 3.4 Activity Division 7-27-2017 7-30-2017 3.5 Priority Setting 7-30-2017 7-30-2017 3.5.1 Presenting Graphically 7-30-2017 8-05-2017 4 Executing Plans 8-05-2017 8-20-2017 4.1 Introducing Software 8-05-2017 8-06-2017 4.2 Preparing Project Structure 8-06-2017 8-07-2017 4.3 Programming 8-07-2017 8-08-2017 4.4 Running Codes 8-08-2017 8-20-2017 5 Project Closure 8-20-2017 8-30-2017 5.1 Checklist development 8-20-2017 8-22-2017 5.2 Monitoring and Controlling 8-22-2017 8-24-2017 5.3 Management Report Development 8-24-2017 8-25-2017 5.4 Testing/Removing Bugs 8-25-2017 8-29-2017 6 Closing/Terminating 8-29-2017 8-30-2017 Gantt Chart (Carvalho, et. al., 2015) The above Gantt chart is showing the schedule for the project. With the help of the above Gantt chart bifurcation of each and every activity could be seen in an appropriate way (Cengage Lea Schwalbe, 2015). The Gantt chart developed by the project manager will provide a proper direction on the basis of which further project will be processed in an appropriate as well as in an effective way. Scope Sainsbury was planning to work on the project so as to manage the stock. An information system will be developed which will help Sainsbury to manage the stock and to evaluate all the aspects which are required. This project will help in managing the stock and will help in determining the requirements of the workplace. Such type of aspects helps in fulfilling the requirement of the people available in the market. The scope of this project is to manage the work process and to ensure that stock available with the company could be managed also to ensure that demand and supply of the company could be managed in an appropriate as well as in the way which is required by the market (Coronel Morris, 2016). Project Budget ACTIVITIES EXPENSES($) Project Performa 15000 Developing Modules 5000 IT team members Fees 20000 Purchasing Systems 5000 Misc. Expenses 5000 Total 50000 The budget developed will help in managing the things in an appropriate way. This budget will provide a direction to the project management team that on which aspects how much expenses are required to be paid. This budget will help in reducing the unnecessary costs which could incur in the project in near future (Furnham, Gunter, 2015). Project Management Model Information system project will be developed for Sainsbury so that its inventory and stock could get managed in a proper way. To manage the project in a proper way it is required that an appropriate project management model should be chosen by the project manager (Khan, et. al., 2016). To make the assurance for this system configuration and development model is chosen by the project manager. To ensure that the project could be completed in a proper and quality could get delivered system configuration and development will be applied. (Kucherov, Zamulin, 2016) Project Management Plan Project management is the process which will help in delivering all the activities in a right order. Developing a project plan and initiating all the aspects in an appropriate way will help the project manager in fulfilling project requirements. Although a proper project plan was shown in work breakdown structure and in the Gantt chart developed by the project manager. It is required that a project manager should work towards evaluate all the critical aspects of the project. These aspects will be shown in the project plan developed (Sikwane, 2016). For a successful project, it is required that human resource planning should be done in an appropriate way. Then a work management plan should be developed Then time management plan will be developed by the project manager After time management plan it is required that a cost management plan should be developed After this, an information management plan will be developed Then the next step is to develop a risk management plan (Wasson, 2015) And the last step is to develop a quality management plan which will help in managing the quality of the project. Critical Path (Pigott, Hobbs, 2011) Critical path method is the method which is used by the project manager to provide a proper support. It is necessary that a proper path should be used by the project manager to formulate the project (Chuang, Howley, 2012). Applying the shortest and most appropriate path will help the project manager to manage the things in a proper way. Critical path method helps in estimating the critical path and the path which is most suitable for the completion of the project. It is required that the project manager should choose and apply the most appropriate path so as to manage the project and to complete the same within the time period decided by the project manager and the company. Critical path method will help in managing the things according to the time decided and will help in managing the project within the budget decided (JIE, 2017) Conclusion At the end, it could be concluded that the project which is developed by the project manager will provide a proper set of help and support to Sainsbury. It is required that a project manager should consider each and every aspect which is provided in the report. Work breakdown structure helps in developing a project plan also provides a direction moving on which will help the company in developing a quality project. Critical path method is the most appropriate method which could be used by the project manager to manage the project in the direction planned by the same. The project plan is one of the most effective aspects which could be used to manage the things in a right order. Development of the budget is another aspect which is required to be focused upon by the project manager. A budget helps in providing a set direction with the help of which project manager could reduce the unnecessary expenses which could incur in the project in near future. Gantt chart helps in ensuring that t he project team could work properly on the project and project requirements could be fulfilled in an appropriate and effective way. References Ajilchi, B. and Kargar, F.R., (2015). Prediction of job stress among employees through the dimensions of time management skills by managers. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 8(34), 1. Carvalho, S.W., Muralidharan, E. and Bapuji, H., (2015). Corporate Social Irresponsibility: Are Consumers Biases in Attribution of Blame Helping Companies in ProductHarm Crises Involving Hybrid Products?. Journal of Business Ethics, 130(3), 651-663. Cengage Lea Schwalbe, K., (2015). Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Chuang, S. and Howley, P. (2012). Beyond root cause analysis: An enriched system oriented event analysis model for wide application. Systems Engineering, 16(4), 427-438. Coronel, C. and Morris, S., (2016). Database systems: design, implementation, management. Chicago: Cengage Learning. Furnham, A. and Gunter, B., (2015). Corporate Assessment (Routledge Revivals): Auditing a Company's Personality. London: Routledge. JIE, Z. (2017). Exploration and Analysis on Professional Financial Skill Teaching of Applied Undergraduate Accounting Specialty.DEStech Transactions on Economics, Business, and Management, 122-133. Khan, F., Thodi, P., Imtiaz, S. and Abbassi, R., (2016). Real-time monitoring and management of offshore process system integrity. Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, 14, 61-71. Kucherov, D. and Zamulin, A., (2016). Employer branding practices for young talents in IT companies (Russian experience). Human Resource Development International, 19(2), 178-188. Pigott, D. and Hobbs, V. (2011). Complex knowledge modelling with functional entity relationship diagrams. VINE, 41(2), 192-211. Sikwane, B., (2016). The CSIR partners with IBM, Wits and the dti to help develop the next generations technology skills. CSIR Science Scope, 9(1), 75-75. Wasson, C.S., (2015). System Engineering Analysis, Design, and Development: Concepts, Principles, and Practices. John Wiley Sons.

An Investigation Of How Mood Affects Theory-Of-Mind Use In Pre-School Children The WritePass Journal

An Investigation Of How Mood Affects Theory-Of-Mind Use In Pre-School Children Background An Investigation Of How Mood Affects Theory-Of-Mind Use In Pre-School Children BackgroundProposed ResearchProcedure. Mood Induction. False-Belief Task. PredictionsReferences Related Background â€Å"Theory of mind† (ToM) is the ability to reason other people’s beliefs, intentions and desires (Baron-Cohen et al., 1985). Over the last two decades, there has been considerable developmental research into ToM using the â€Å"false-belief task† (e.g. Baron-Cohen et al., 1985, Wellman et al., 2001). The majority of research has established that ToM is present in young children and develops in a predictable sequence through childhood (Wellman Liu, 2004). For example, by three years of age, children can understand that two individuals can hold different beliefs (Wimmer Perner, 1983) and by age four, can understand that people can have â€Å"false-beliefs† contrary to reality (Wellman Liu, 2004). Recent research has even demonstrated that adults have difficulties with false-belief tasks (Birch Bloom, 2007). However, a recent paper by Converse et al (2008) examined the role of incidental mood on ToM. Grounded in the view that ToM requires effortful and deliberative processing (Kahneman, 2003), researchers found that when distinguishing between one’s own and other’s beliefs, participants were facilitated by sad moods compared to happy moods. This is because happiness is associated with heuristic processing whilst sadness is associated with systematic and deliberative processing (Converse et al., 2008). In their study, adult participants underwent a musical mood induction procedure (MMIP) and were randomly allocated to two conditions (â€Å"happy† and â€Å"sad†). Those in the former condition were asked to listen to a song from a pre-selected list of happy songs whilst participants in the latter condition were required to listen to a sad song. Following the mood induction, participants completed a false-belief task in which they read one of two versions of a sc enario and estimate a character’s behaviour. Whilst the character has the same knowledge in both versions, participants received different information. Researchers then measured low ToM use by observing whether participants had an increased reliance on their own private knowledge. The study is an important contribution to the current body of knowledge on ToM as the findings suggest that a) mood states do have important consequences for mental-state inferences and b) variability in ToM studies may be explained by mood. However, despite these contributions, the study solely focused on a sample of adults and failed to explore how mood affects ToM use in children. This is an important oversight given that the majority of developments in ToM have been based on studies with children, therefore, suggesting significant implications for research if mood is found to significantly impact children’s ToM judgments. Moreover, given children’s increased susceptibility to mood induction (De Haan Gunnar, 2009), mood may have even more potent effects on ToM in children. This current study will therefore examine the role of mood in affecting ToM use in children for the first time. It will attempt to bolster previous findings that mood does influence ToM and clarify the role of mood in influencing deliberative processing in ToM. In so doing, the study will replicate the original procedure, but with modifications to the mood induction and the false-belief task. In fact, a clear strength of this study is that the false-belief task was originally devised to be used with children and not adults (Baron-Cohen et al., 1985), making the task particularly suitable for use with children. In addition, previous research has supported the fact that mood induction procedures can effectively impact children’s positive and negative emotions (Brenner, 2000). Proposed Research There are modifications made to the experimental procedure. As mood induction requires participants to follow explicit instructions, changes to the MMIP will be implemented according to the study’s sample of pre-school children. For example, although researchers (e.g. Dalla Bella et al., 2001) have found that most 5 year olds can distinguish positive and negative valence in music, a MMIP may not be sufficient for invoking moods in children. Children will therefore undergo an additional mood induction. Moreover, in the original study, adult participants completed a pre- and post- induction self-report (Positive-and-Negative Affect Schedule; Watson Clark, 1994) to serve as a manipulation check. However, as a self-report is difficult to implement with young children, an alternative manipulation check is needed. There are also important ethical considerations associated with a MMIP in children. The experimenter will need to ensure that mood induction does not cause long-term effe cts, but is also not too short-lived to observe its effects. Method Participants 100 children aged 4-6 years old will be recruited from local schools through flyers and e-mail bulletins. Procedure. On the day of testing, each child will be guided to an individual room. To provide a replication of the Converse et al (2008) study, a 2 X 2 between-subjects experimental design will include a mood induction and false-belief task. Researchers will randomly allocate children to 2 conditions: â€Å"happy† and â€Å"sad† and undergo the mood induction. Both groups then complete the same false-belief task. The entire procedure takes a total of 40 minutes. Mood Induction. The mood induction scenario for each condition will make amendments to the MMIP in the Converse et al (2008) study. Each child will first be shown a sheet of paper with a series of â€Å"smiley faces† ranging from very sad to very happy, and asked to point to the image that best describes how they feel. This is the baseline affect manipulation check. Children will then be instructed to listen to a song played via speakers. Children in the happy condition will listen to two songs from the original list of songs in the Converse et al (2008) study and children in the sad condition will listen to two sad songs. In both conditions, children will be explicitly told â€Å"Now, I am going to play a   â€Å"happy† / â€Å"sad† song so please listen carefully to the song†. Children will then be presented with a model figure on a sheet of paper and asked to draw a replica of the figure on a plain sheet of A4 paper. In the happy condition, children will be presented with a smiling figure and in the sad condition, children will be asked to copy a sad figure. Following this, children will be presented with the sheet of faces and asked to point to the face which describes how they feel to provide a post-task rating of affect. A second manipulation check will be the size of their drawing as research has suggested that drawing size is associated with a child’s affect. Larger drawings indicative of positive affect and smaller drawings are indicative of negative affect (Forrest Thomas, 1991). False-Belief Task. The false-belief task is the classic â€Å"Sally-Anne task† (Baron-Cohen et al., 1985). Each child is seated at a table with two dolls. The experimenter tells the child that the dolls are named Anne and Sally and checks that the child has understood these names. Each doll is placed in front of a basket and square box. The experimenter then enacts a scene in which a marble is hidden in Sally’s basket to ‘hide’ the marble with Anne looking on. Sally then â€Å"leaves the room† and the marble is then re-hidden in the box. Sally returns and the experimenter prompts the child with three questions: ‘Where will Sally look for her marble?’ (â€Å"belief question†) ‘Where is the marble really?’ (â€Å"reality question†) ‘Where was the marble in the beginning?’ (â€Å"memory question†) Predictions There are a number of predictions for the current study. Firstly, it is expected that the findings of the original study will be replicated in the sample of pre-school children. That is, I expect that after controlling for age effects, children in the sad condition will score higher on the belief, reality and memory questions in the Sally-Anne task. This will be due to a greater deliberative processing associated with a sad mood. These findings will provide support for the idea that ToM requires deliberative processing and such processing is associated with sad moods rather than happy moods. Second, I expect that there will be a number of age differences in performance on the Sally-Anne task. I expect that younger children, due to their increased susceptibility to mood induction, will have a greatly diminished ToM on the Sally-Anne task due to the more pronounced impact of mood on their deliberative processing. However, it must be noted that it is possible that the results of the current study will not replicate the original study. This may be due to a number of factors. Firstly, it is possible that the mood induction procedures are not powerful enough to invoke happy and sad moods for children or they produce effects that are too short term to observe any effects in the false belief task. Second, it may be that the deliberative processing associated with sad moods and the heuristic processing associated with happy moods is not developed sufficiently in pre-school children, and is only salient in adulthood. If this is the case, this provides impetus for future research focused on testing the influence of mood on ToM in older children and adolescents. References Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A. M., Frith, U. (1985). Does the autistic child have a ‘‘theory of mind’’? Cognition, 21, 37–46. Birch, S. A. J., Bloom, P. (2007). The curse of knowledge in reasoning about false beliefs. Psychological Science, 18(5), 382–386. Brenner, E. (2000). Mood induction in children: Methodological implications. Review of General Psychology, 4, 264-283. Converse, B. A., Shuhong, L., Boaz, K., Epley, N. (2008). In the Mood To Get Over Yourself: Mood Affects Theory-of-Mind Use. Emotion, 8(5), 725-630. Dalla Bella, S., Peretz, I., Rousseau, L., Gosselin, N. (2001). A developmental study of the affective value of tempo and mode in music. Cognition, 80, B1-B10. de Haan, M., Gunnar, M.R. (2009). Handbook of Developmental Social Neuroscience. The Guilford Press. Forrest, M. Thomas, G.V. (1991). An exploratory study of drawings by bereaved children, British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 30, 373-374. Kahneman, D. (2003). A perspective on judgment and choice: Mapping bounded rationality. American Psychologist, 58, 697–720. Watson, D., Clark, L. A. (1994). The PANAS-X: Manual for the positive and negative affect schedule-Expanded Form. Iowa City: University of Iowa. Wimmer, H.; Perner, J. (1983). Beliefs about beliefs: Representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young childrens understanding of deception. Cognition  13(1), 103–128. Wellman, H. M., Cross, D., Watson, J. (2001). Meta-analysis of theory-of-mind development: The truth about false belief. Child Development, 72, 655–684. Wellman, H. M., Liu, D. (2004). Scaling of Theory-Of-Mind Tasks. Child Development, 75(2), 523-541.